Fig. 2

Synergy between DCA and butyrate in inducing avian β-defensin (AvBD) and claudin-1 gene expression in chicken jejunal explants. Chicken jejunal explants were stimulated in triplicate with 4 mmol/L NaB with or without indicated concentrations (µmol/L) of DCA for 24 h, followed by RT-qPCR analysis of mRNA expression of AvBD3 (A), AvBD9 (B), and claudin-1 (C). Data shown are mean ± SEM of 2–3 independent experiments. Means not sharing a common superscript letter denote statistical significance (P < 0.05) based on one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s test