Dynamic changes of rumen microbiota and serum metabolome revealed increases in meat quality and growth performances of sheep fed bio-fermented rice straw

Table 1 Ingredient compositions and nutritive values of experimental feeds (dry matter basis)

Items	AH	RS	BF
Ingredient, %
Alfalfa hay	40.00	0	0
Rice straw	0	40.00	0
Bio-fermented rice straw	0	0	40.00
Corn	30.00	33.00	33.00
Bean pulp	0	18.50	18.50
Wheat middling	24.50	5.00	5.00
Zeolite	2.50	0	0
Limestone	0	0.50	0.50
Premix	2.50	2.50	2.50
NaCO₃	0.50	0.50	0.50
Nutritive values
DE, kcal/kg	2,880	2,910	2,926
ME, kcal/kg	2,908	2,938	2,955
DM, %	83.21	82.33	67.85
CP, %	12.80	12.48	12.57
EE, %	2.66	2.29	2.20
Ash, %	12.00	10.30	10.32
NDF, %	26.65	33.69	31.63
ADF, %	12.16	15.48	15.25
ADL, %	1.25	1.83	1.36
Ca, %	1.04	0.97	0.99
TP, %	0.42	0.42	0.42

AH Alfalfa hay, RS Rice straw, BF Bio-fermented rice straw, NaCO₃ Sodium bicarbonate, DE Digestible energy, ME Metabolizable energy, DM Dry matter, CP Crude protein, EE Ether extract, NDF Neutral detergent fiber, ADF Acid detergent fiber, ADL Acid detergent lignin, Ca Calcium, TP Total phosphorus

ISSN: 2049-1891