Fig. 9

Effect of Lp. plantarum FRT4 on biomarkers and correlation with liver lipid biochemical parameters of gut microbiome. A LEfSe analysis of differential species for biomarkers on microbiota structure in groups. Different color expresses different group. The abscissa is the LDA score (log10), and the ordinate is the species in different categorical level. B The correlation heatmap between gut microbiota and liver lipid biochemical parameters. The red means positive correlation, and the blue means negative correlation. * means P < 0.05, *** means P < 0.001. CT: control group, hens fed with normal diet. HELP: model group, hens fed with high-energy low-protein diet. FRT4L, FRT4M, and FRT4H: experimental groups, hens fed with high-energy low-protein diet with 10⁹ CFU/kg, 10¹⁰ CFU/kg, and 10¹¹ CFU/kg Lp. plantarum FRT4, respectively