Fig. 7

Effect of Lp. plantarum FRT4 on gut microbiome diversity indices. A Venn plot of gut microbiome ASVs number of each group. B The Chao1 index of α-diversity. C The Simpson index of α-diversity. D PCoA analysis with 95% confidence interval by different color for each group (P = 0.04). CT: control group, hens fed with normal diet. HELP: model group, hens fed with high-energy low-protein diet. FRT4L, FRT4M, and FRT4H: experimental groups, hens fed with high-energy low-protein diet with 10⁹ CFU/kg, 10¹⁰ CFU/kg, and 10¹¹ CFU/kg Lp. plantarum FRT4, respectively