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Table 2 Growth performance of pigs exposed to thermo-neutral and heat-stressed environments and provided antioxidants in feed or watera

From: Supplementation of vitamin E or a botanical extract as antioxidants to improve growth performance and health of growing pigs housed under thermoneutral or heat-stressed conditions

Item 

Environmentb

SEM

P-valuec

Thermo-neutral

Heat-stressed

CON

VEW

VEF

POL

CON

VEW

VEF

POL

E

S

E × S

Body weight, kg

 d −7

46.9

47.3

47.3

47.2

47.4

47.6

47.3

47.2

0.97

0.889

0.677

0.845

 d 0

52.8

54.0

52.5

52.8

53.8

54.1

53.1

53.3

1.10

0.711

0.096

0.885

 d 7

60.8

61.4

59.9

60.6

58.2

59.4

58.8

58.7

1.24

0.217

0.485

0.766

 d 14

68.2

67.7

67.9

68.5

64.1

65.9

64.3

64.5

1.44

0.060

0.868

0.540

 d 21

75.8

76.5

75.5

76.7

69.5

71.2

70.5

70.2

1.57

0.004

0.653

0.853

 d 28

82.4

83.2

81.6

83.5

74.2

76.4

75.3

75.1

1.73

0.001

0.465

0.715

Average daily gain, g/d

 d −7 to 0

843

940

735

800

916

931

816

879

60.1

0.176

0.066

0.855

 d 0 to 7

1,143

1,061

1,049

1,111

631

754

820

770

54.6

<0.001

0.711

0.051

 d 7 to 14

1,049

897

1,136

1,109

838

921

783

832

91.1

0.035

0.863

0.085

 d 14 to 21

1,095

1,264

1,086

1,171

777

761

873

813

70.0

<0.001

0.708

0.213

 d 21 to 28

935

954

875

972

672

745

690

699

57.8

<0.001

0.582

0.817

 d 0 to 28

1,056

1,043

1,036

1,092

729

795

795

779

36.6

<0.001

0.554

0.370

Average daily feed intake, kg/d

 d −7 to 0

2.10

2.10

1.83

1.94

2.03

2.14

2.04

2.09

0.076

0.181

0.077

0.207

 d 0 to 7

2.57

2.68

2.46

2.59

1.79

1.92

2.04

1.82

0.103

<0.001

0.663

0.206

 d 7 to 14

2.71

2.61

2.71

2.85

1.94

2.08

2.01

2.02

0.129

<0.001

0.759

0.577

 d 14 to 21

2.78

2.96

2.77

2.85

1.99

2.09

2.27

2.19

0.118

<0.001

0.440

0.309

 d 21 to 28

2.39

2.57

2.33

2.57

1.84

1.90

1.90

1.81

0.116

<0.001

0.596

0.469

 d 0 to 28

2.61

2.71

2.57

2.72

1.89

2.00

2.06

1.96

0.087

<0.001

0.584

0.408

Gain:Feed, g/kg

 d −7 to 0

393

450

399

404

448

438

397

416

24

0.388

0.302

0.533

 d 0 to 7

441

396

431

431

331

385

403

418

23

0.030

0.219

0.076

 d 7 to 14

368

270

423

366

438

448

367

417

48

0.189

0.707

0.048

 d 14 to 21

396

439

394

417

396

358

407

384

28

0.326

0.998

0.256

 d 21 to 28

398

345

378

379

363

395

365

392

25

0.793

0.927

0.396

 d 0 to 28

402

389

406

405

391

401

388

405

10

0.505

0.774

0.505

  1. aValues are least square means of 16 pigs. Dietary treatments consisted of control diets (CON), vitamin E supplementation in water (VEW), vitamin E supplementation in feed (VEF), and botanical extract supplementation in feed (POL). Dietary and water treatments were provided starting on d −7 and environmental treatments started on d 0
  2. bTemperatures were set at the following time points: 2400, 0200, 0400, 0600, 0800, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, 2000, and 2200 h. Temperatures for the thermo-neutral room were 18.9, 18.9, 20.0, 20.0, 21.1, 21.1, 22.2, 22.2, 21.1, 21.1, 20.0, and 20.0 °C, and for heat-stressed room they were 28.3, 29.4, 29.4, 31.1, 32.8, 33.3, 34.4, 35.6, 34.4, 31.7, 29.4 and 29.4 °C
  3. cEffect abbreviations: E = environment, S = supplementation, E × S = environment by supplementation interaction
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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

ISSN: 2049-1891