Fig. 4

Paracellular permeability of chicken intestinal organoids and the small intestine dysfunction induced by deoxynivalenol. A Immunostaining of the apical-out organoids for the small intestine function assessment. B Paracellular permeability of the intestinal epithelial layer in the chicken organoids. C Dysfunction of the chicken intestinal epithelium barrier through deoxynivalenol-induced damage. D The expression of ZO-1 in the chicken organoids treated with 2 µg/mL deoxynivalenol compared with the untreated group. Nuclei were stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; blue). Scale bar = 20 μm. E The protein expression of ZO-1 when treated with 2 µg/mL deoxynivalenol compared with the untreated group