Abomasal infusion of branched-chain amino acids or branched-chain keto-acids alter lactation performance and liver triglycerides in fresh cows

Table 5 Blood and liver biomarker concentrations for multiparous Holstein fresh cows

Parameters	Treatments¹			SEM	P-value
Parameters	CON	BCA	BCK	SEM	Trt	Day	Trt × Day
Glucose, mg/dL	59.2^A	55.0^B	60.3^A	0.86	< 0.01	0.29	0.58
Insulin, µU/mL	6.57	6.15	6.81	0.61	0.73	0.04	0.15
BHBA, mg/dL	6.00^B	9.17^A	5.83^B	0.80	0.01	0.06	0.11
NEFA², µmol/L	0.71^AB	0.81^A	0.55^B	0.07	0.03	< 0.01	0.76
Liver triglycerides³, %	6.60^A	6.15^AB,a	4.77^B,b	0.49	0.03	0.28	0.74
Insulin resistance index⁴
HOMA	21.97	19.92	23.37	2.22	0.54	0.03	0.16
QUICKI	0.40	0.42	0.41	0.01	0.20	0.05	0.16
RQUICKI	0.44	0.45	0.45	0.01	0.36	< 0.01	0.25

^A,BWithin a row, means with different capitalized superscripts differ after controlling for pairwise LSM comparisons using Tukey’s post-hoc procedure (P ≤ 0.05)
^a,bWithin a row, means with different superscripts (lowercase) tend to differ after controlling for pairwise LSM comparisons using Tukey’s post-hoc procedure (0.05 < P ≤ 0.10)
¹CON Control (saline 0.9%), BCA Branched chain amino acids (67 g valine, 50 g leucine, and 34 g isoleucine), BCK Branched chain keto-acids (77 g keto-valine, 57 g keto-leucine, and 39 g keto-isoleucine)
²Nonesterified fatty acids
³Liver triglycerides reported as % wet tissue weight
⁴HOMA (homeostasis model assessment) = glucose (mmol/L) × insulin (µU/mL); QUICKI (quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index) = 1/{log[glucose (mg/dL)] + log[insulin (µU/mL)]}; RQUICKI (revised QUICKI) = 1/{log[glucose (mg/dL)] + log[insulin (µU/mL)] + log[fatty acids (mmol/L)} [26]

ISSN: 2049-1891