Table 1 Dietary-induced oxidative stress in swine
Swine models | Body weight, kg | Inducer and duration | Changes in oxidative indicators | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Weaned piglets | 12.36 ± 0.26 | DON 4 mg/kg, 30 d (From 28 to 57 days of age) | Serum: D 15: H2O2 (12 → 23 mmol/L) ↑ MDA (1 → 6.2 mmol/L) ↑ D 30: CAT (5.5 → 3.5 U/mL) ↓ H2O2 (12 → 22 mmol/L) ↑ MDA (2 → 3 nmol/mL) ↑ | [35] |
6.97 ± 0.1 | DON 3.8 mg/kg, 28 d (From 21 to 49 days of age) | Serum: GSH (4.24 → 2.8 mg/L) ↓ T-AOC (2.31 → 1.56 U/mL) ↓ MDA (1.96 → 3.31 mmol/L) ↑ Ileum (μmol/g protein): GSH (5.13 → 4.21) ↓, SOD (58.24 → 39.57) ↓ T-AOC (0.49 → 0.31) ↓, MDA (0.52 → 1) ↑ Jejunum (μmol/g protein): GSH (10.93 → 10.02) ↓, SOD (63.66 → 49.95) ↓ T-AOC (0.4 → 0.29) ↓, MDA (0.61 → 0.8) ↑ | ||
10.9 ± 0.77 | OTA 0.25 mg/kg, 28 d | Liver: T-AOC (27 → 22 μmol/g tissue) ↓ TBARS (3.5 → 5.4 nmol/g tissue) ↑ Kidney: GPx (1.8 → 22 μmol/min/g tissue) ↓ T-AOC (23 → 19 μmol/g tissue) ↓ TBARS (0.8 → 1.2 nmol/g tissue) ↑ | [38] | |
6.97 ± 0.1 | AFB1 0.32 mg/kg, 30 d (From 28 to 57 days of age) | MLNs: SOD (400 → 352 U/g tissue) ↓ CAT (4 → 2.92 μmol/min/g tissue) ↓ GPx (4.8 → 3.74 μmol/min/g tissue) ↓ T-AOC (11 → 8.75 μmol/g tissue) ↓ | [39] | |
Growing pigs | 16.3 ± 1.5 | DON 3–12 mg/kg, 21 d (From 67 to 88 days of age) | Serum (U/mL): 3 mg/kg: SOD (117.5 ± 6.26 → 100.88 ± 14.24) ↓ 6 mg/kg: SOD (117.5 ± 6.26 → 84.48 ± 8.97) ↓ GPx (3,424.7 ± 147.5 → 2,967.3 ± 124.4) ↓ 12 mg/kg: SOD (117.5 ± 6.26 → 79.94 ± 15.62) ↓ GPx (3,424.7 ± 147.5 → 2,521.3 ± 334.6) ↓ | |
Nursery pigs | Average 6.5 | Oxidized soybean oil 60 g/kg, 35 d (From 21 to 66 days of age) | Jejunal mucosa: MDA (35 → 54 μmol/g protein) ↑ | [42] |
Newborn piglets | 1.8 ± 0.04 | Oxidized soybean oil 50 g/kg, 21 d (From 4 to 25 days of age) | Jejunal mucosa: MDA (3.17 → 5.2 mol/L) ↑ GSSG (8.58 → 12.62 mmol/g protein) ↑ | [43] |