Table 1 Notional properties of the microalgae species commonly used for feed
From: Microalgal-based feed: promising alternative feedstocks for livestock and poultry production
Microalgae species | A. platensis, % of DW | D. salina, % of DW | H. pluvialis, % of DW | Chlorella, % of DW | Nannochloropsis granulata, % of DW | Tetraselmis chui, % of DW |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude protein, % | 51.4–67 | 10–30 | 29–45 | 20–60 | 26–33.5 | 46.5 |
Crude fat, % | 1.8–7.3 | 10–20 | 20–25 | 13.3–20.9 | 15.3–23.6 | 12.3 |
Crude Carbohydrates, % | 12.5 | 250–80 | 15–17 | 18.1–27.5 | 32–36.2 | 25 |
Fibre (Total Dietary Fiber), % | 1.0 | 9–11 | 34–58 | 16–35 | 17.67 | – |
% Amino acids | ||||||
Essential Amino acids | ||||||
Threonine | 2.9–4.9 | 7.3 | 5.47 | 2.5 | 5.4 | 4.0 |
Valine | 4.2–4.6 | 6.3 | 2.45 | 3.0 | 7.1 | 4.8 |
Methionine | 1.2–1.6 | 2.1 | 0.65 | 1.2 | 3.5 | 2.4 |
Isoleucine | 4.2–4.4 | 5.7 | 4.32 | 2.0 | 5.6 | 3.4 |
Leucine | 5.5–8.0 | 7.3 | 3.64 | 4.7 | 11 | 7.3 |
Phenylalanine | 3.0–5.8 | 11.5 | 1.4 | 2.7 | 6.2 | 4.7 |
Histidine | 1.5–2.7 | 2.6 | 0.31 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.6 |
Lysine | 2.9–3.0 | 2.1 | 2.68 | 4.0 | 8.5 | 5.6 |
Arginine | 4.0–4.9 | 2.6 | 10.26 | 3.1 | 7.4 | 9.4 |
Tryptophane | 0.1–2.5 | 2.6 | – | 1.0 | 2.8 | 2.3 |
Non-Essential amino acids | ||||||
Asppartic acid | 2.4–9.2 | 18.2 | 5.01 | 4.7 | 11.4 | 14.1 |
Glutamic acid | 5.7–10.7 | 10.4 | 10.41 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 4.2 |
Serine | 2.8–4.3 | 0.5 | 3.43 | 1.0 | 14.1 | 12 |
Proline | 2.0–4.0 | 1.0 | 1.24 | 2.5 | 11.2 | 3.6 |
Glycine | 1.8–5.2 | 9.4 | 6.61 | 3.4 | 7.5 | 6.5 |
Alanine | 5.4–6.5 | 7.3 | 5.6 | 4.6 | 7.1 | 6 |
Cysteine | 0.4–0.5 | 2.1 | 0.25 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 2.8 |
Tyrosine | 3.2–3.3 | 1.0 | 2.22 | 2.4 | 4.2 | 3 |
Fatty Acids, g/kg | ||||||
ALA | – | 21.19 | – | – | – | |
EPA | < 2.5 | – | 0.6 | < 4.0 | 34 | 8 |
DHA | < 3.0 | – | 12.8 | < 26.0 | – | |
Elemental Composition | ||||||
Minerals, % | ||||||
Calcium | 1.3–14.0 | 2.10 | 0.25 | 0.1–5.9 | 0.09 | 2.99 |
Phosphorous | 1.2–9.6 | 1.58 | 1.31 | 9.6–17.6 | 0.73 | 1.46 |
Potassium | 6.4–16.6 | 4.32 | 0.97 | 0.5–21.5 | ||
Magnesium | 2.0–3.2 | 1.37 | 0.22 | 3.6–8.0 | 0.26 | 0.43 |
Trace elements, mg/kg | ||||||
Manganese | 0.02–0.04 | – | 111.9 | 0.02–0.10 | 453 | 191 |
Natrium | 4.5–10.5 | 35.4 | 58.7 | 13.5 | – | – |
Iron | 0.5–1.8 | 4.5 | 822 | 0.4–5.5 | <LD | 0.5 |
Zinc | 0.02–0.04 | – | 232 | 0.5 | 0.5 | – |
Selenium | – | – | – | – | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Copper | – | – | 17.8 | 102 | ||
Carotenoids, g/kg | 0330–50 | 30–100 | 5–50 | 8–80 | 10–60 | |
Vitamin, mg/kg | ||||||
Vit B9 | 0.9 | 269 | – | – | ||
Vit B1 | 5–50 | 15–24 | 70 | 1.09 | ||
Vit B6 | 4–50 | 10–17 | 3.6 | 5.8 | ||
Vit E | 50–190 | 153.2 | 200 | 0.29 | 1.57 | |
Vit B12 | – | 42–49 | – | 1.7 | – | |
Ash, % | 5.8–9.4 | 48 | 4–29 | 6.2–7.3 | 8 | 16.2 |
Reference | [19] | |||||