GMOs in animal agriculture: time to consider both costs and benefits in regulatory evaluations

Table 2 Examples of lifespans for growing/fattening animals, in days[79]

Animal species/categories	Conventional/more intensive	Organic/more extensive
Chickens for fattening (broilers)	3-42	56-84
Turkeys for fattening	56-168	70-112
Growing/fattening pigs	150-300	200-400
Veal calves	80-200	-
Growing/fattening bulls	300-500	400-600

Laying hens and dairy cattle are usually used for longer periods:
Laying hens: about 126–140 d for growing (pullets); about 300–360 d (one year) for the laying period.
Dairy cattle: about 22–36 mo for growing (heifers); one to ten yrs for lactation (average in Europe two to five lactations).

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